PCA Judiciary Amendment + Judiciary Revision Bill

Proposals for legislation and discussions of these

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Diderot Mirabeau
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Post by Diderot Mirabeau »

Ashcroft is somehow implying that his fellow citizens of CDS are unlikely to either:
(1) Solve a problem when they see it - i.e. fix the mention of the necessity of jury service when it becomes evident that it may be too demanding a procedural traping
or (2) Read up on how other jurisdictions conduct summing up before performing one personally for inspirational purposes.

These assumptions about his fellow citizens are not shared by me. I have found the caretaking of office in the CDS so far to be dominated by pragmatism, consensus-seeking and professionalism. At least until the point when antagonising, adversarial debating was introduced in the forums.

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Post by Ashcroft Burnham »

[quote="Diderot Mirabeau":1snsftmu]Ashcroft is somehow implying that his fellow citizens of CDS are unlikely to either:
(1) Solve a problem when they see it - i.e. fix the mention of the necessity of jury service when it becomes evident that it may be too demanding a procedural traping
or (2) Read up on how other jurisdictions conduct summing up before performing one personally for inspirational purposes.[/quote:1snsftmu]

There has been no sign of anybody in the least willing to do either at present, especially since, in respect of (1), the proponents of this Bill expressly included the original jury proposals. Do you or do you not support the Bill as it stands?

[quote:1snsftmu]These assumptions about his fellow citizens are not shared by me. I have found the caretaking of office in the CDS so far to be dominated by pragmatism, consensus-seeking and professionalism. At least until the point when antagonising, adversarial debating was introduced in the forums.[/quote:1snsftmu]

Such debating was introduced by those who refuse to engage in genuinely [i:1snsftmu]reasoned[/i:1snsftmu] argument, and instead resort to repetition, lists of pejorative adjectives, or attacks on a person's character.

However, are you now stating that you support professionalism in the judiciary?

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Post by Beathan »

Ash wrote [quote:k11rt525]
What part of,

The Bill that this thread is all about wrote:
3. Article III, Section 7, shall be amended to read:

Hearings and trials not involving government officials will be overseen by a single Professor and judgment will be decided by a jury of peers. All impeachment hearings will be performed in the Philosophic branch by the Chairs without a jury. If a Chair is accused, that Chair will be excused for the duration of the hearing. A member of the branch which is not calling for the impeachment hearing will serve as Leader of the Philosophic branch during the hearing,

(emphasis mine) did you miss?
[/quote:k11rt525]

Yes -- I missed that. I think the portion Ash highlights shoul d be removed as unworkable. Otherwise, this remains an excellent proposal.

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Post by Samantha Fuller »

I like this bill, in paticular i like the idea of calling the judges Profesor's and placing them firmly under the philosophy branch. :)

Calling the Judges Profesors potentaly solves many intractible problems. First and foremost if you are serious about upholding the UDHR you will have to encourage the hearing of many cases like the ones i posted in the Where Angels Fear to Tread thread and you can't pay Judges enough to hear that kind of case! The main problem with those cases is the probable internet and RL gabfest and ridicule, however if they appear as a thought experment (even if to the avatars they are dead serous) then much of the ridicule goes away. PETA dose not bounce off the roof over the inhuman treatment of schroders cat. :lol:

Second if the Profesor is encouraged to expound on the isues involved and the reasons for the decisions then the body of comon law expands rapidly. And the cases can be seen as an intelectual chalange thus fun!

Third if avatars chose to ignore the "court" they are not lawbreakers per say, just willfuly ignorant thus not welcome here, however we are under no oblgation to track them down and corect their ignorance. :P

Fourth it retroactivly validates the action of the SC in the Urika decisions. As a "Trial" (which it manafestly was not) the rulings of the SC concerning Urika have many serous and glaring problems, however as a ruling of the philosophy branch their conduct was extempory. :D

Fifth if a RL life legal bar association tries to regulate the lawyers or judges you can argue you are not practicing law but teaching it!

Finaly you can even add as much pompas cerermoney, titles, and robes as you can stand, or NOT! Thus you can bow to the knowlage and skill of the "Learned Profesor of Common and Natraul Law" instead of haveing to bend your stiff neck to the athority of the imperious Judge. :lol:

Reason for editing added fifth point

Here have some rope, its free! :)
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Post by Jon Seattle »

Ashcroft, Beathan, thanks for the good catch. The sponsors will amend the bill to remove that clause.

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Post by Jon Seattle »

We have heard (in summary) that from various JA supporters arguments that this amendment will make it difficult to implement a fair judiciary; that our bill violates an agreement between the community and Ashcroft; that many of the people who are concerned about the status of the UHDR don’t really understand the issues; that the sponsors (mainly me) are politically corrupt and trying to better their political careers; and at the same time the sponsors (mainly me) should not take this step because we will be doing something unpopular and will loose votes.

Mainly divisive arguments. I would like to hear a more positive argument from those who oppose this amendment. There are a three questions I would like to ask of JA supporters:

1. Do you really believe that there remains a widespread consensus supporting the Judicial Act as it is now? If so, why does this amendment bother you. If you really do have that consensus you can just re-install the act at your first opportunity.

2. If you feel there is no longer community consensus supporting the Judiciary Act, can you impose it without causing widespread disruption in our community? Will it be fine with you if a significant minority (or even a majority) feel uncomfortable?

3. If you are willing to admit that the current JA has lost the confidence of some citizens (for whatever reason), but believe that some minor adjustments will restore that confidence, what exactly are those changes?

The US declaration of independence says “.. to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,” I believe that consent is the basis of all legitimate government. This amendment and bill provides the opportunity for JA supporters to regain our consent for their particular approach or to prove that they have not lost our confidence.

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Post by Ashcroft Burnham »

[quote="Jon Seattle":1kilefla]1. Do you really believe that there remains a widespread consensus supporting the Judicial Act as it is now? If so, why does this amendment bother you. If you really do have that consensus you can just re-install the act at your first opportunity.[/quote:1kilefla]

There never was, and never will be, come what may, a consensus about what sort of judiciary to have. When we cannot have consensus, we must instead have compromise. What is an acceptable compromise should be determined by the rules of the political system in force at the time that the compromise was made.

The compromise was made when the Judiciary Act was passed: all the legislature agreed that it should be passed, even though it was not (because, of course, it was a compromise) exactly what everybody wanted. Once, according to the proper rules of a political system, a new position is reached, it becomes the status quo, and strong reason is needed to change it (which strong reason had been present, and had been recognised as present under the rules of the political system, in relation to the status quo as it existed before the Judiciary Act was passed). A strong reason must, to avoid unending upheaval of the sort that makes it impossible (or, at best, virtually impossible) for any system to perform the function that it exists to perform at all, be a reason that did not exist at the time that the current status quo came into being. As Pat has pointed out, the judiciary that we now have is precisely what I said all along that we would have (apart from the dangerously oversimplified procedures). All the reasons that are being cited now to destroy the judiciary are reasons that, in so far as they are truly reasons at all, existed at the time that the Act was passed. It is, therefore, wholly improper to destroy something for reasons that existed and were readily discoverable at the time that it was created, and at the time that the people who created it were charged with undertaking a very large amount of work to finish creating it and implementing it.

Furthermore, your question seems to assume that a consensus is required to preserve the status quo, but not radically to change it as you propose. There is no conceivable reason to believe that. Do you believe that you have a consensus for your proposal? Indeed, is your proposal not [i:1kilefla]exactly[/i:1kilefla] the same as the "suspend and amend" option that the Special Commission on the Judiciary, whose creation you supported, decisively rejected (and, indeed, was the only decisive conclusion that it reached)? That is extremely potent evidence indeed that there most certainly is no consensus for what you propose, and far more opposition to it than the more moderate course of retaining the status quo.

[quote:1kilefla]2. If you feel there is no longer community consensus supporting the Judiciary Act, can you impose it without causing widespread disruption in our community? Will it be fine with you if a significant minority (or even a majority) feel uncomfortable?[/quote:1kilefla]

A significant minority will find any given judicial system unacceptable, and, indeed, undoubtedly a significant minority of citizens in real life countries find their own judicial system unacceptable. There can be no doubt whatsoever that, at the very least, a significant minority of citizens would find what you propose unacceptable, yet you seem more than content to impose that on them. Why should the status quo, determined as an acceptable compromise in accordance with the political rules existing at the relevant time, be preserved only if no significant minority opposes it, but radical changes to the status quo made only if they are not universally unpopular? As to widespread disruption, we already have it, courtesy of the anti-judiciary extremists and their abolish at any costs agenda. There is no reason to believe that the disruption will be any less by pandering to those sectional groups, and alienating instead the many strong supporters of the judiciary, rather than preserving the status quo that was brought into effect following a principled compromise made by those in political office at the relevant time, who had available to them, as Pat makes clear, all the information that they could need to predict how the system would turn out.

[quote:1kilefla]3. If you are willing to admit that the current JA has lost the confidence of some citizens (for whatever reason), but believe that some minor adjustments will restore that confidence, what exactly are those changes?[/quote:1kilefla]

As far as I can tell, exactly one person has changed his mind about whether this judicial system is a good idea or not: the rest of its opponents were opponents from the start, and the Act was passed notwithstanding their opposition. The fact that some of them (I refer mainly to Beathan) are extremely angry about that, and will stop at nothing to destroy it, come what may, is not any reason at all to reverse what was decided unanimously by the elected representatives of the people.

Some people's opposition to the present judiciary is utterly immovable (despite, in many cases, reasoned argument whose reasoning they cannot fault), whereas others' (those whose opposition has been less aggressive) may well arise from lack of understanding of the system. That lack of understanding can be remedied by (1) a programme of legal education (of the sort that I always advocated from the very beginning); (2) introductory users' guides (of the sort that I advocated from the very beginning: see my initial thread; Oni has indicated a willingness to write such guides); and (3) letting them see how the system operates in practice, so that they can realise (a) that I am not an insane tyrant bent on banishing people merely because I dislike them or because they have disagreed with me in the debate about a judiciary; (b) that the system that we have, especially with the rules that I originally wrote, is as easy to use, and as easy to understand as a legal system that is truly fair can ever hope to be; (c) that the system that we have is a genuinely fair system that produces carefully-reasoned and balanced results after a full opportunity for both sides to present their case, and after careful, rational, reasoned deliberation by an impartial tribunal; (d) that the courts will not take seriously some of the bizarre claims that Gwyneth and others have imagined (such as people bringing an action against the legislature claiming compensation (or something else) for having passed any given piece of legislation); and (e) that the system will not disregard people's human rights.

Some people also seem to have a strong belief that any institution in which a single person has a substantial amount of power is, for that reason, inherently suspect. I have already proposed ways of addressing these issues with the Special Commissioners proposal that I have made before. Simply appointing two more judges (we have two qualified and able candidates available) would go a long way towards that.

[quote:1kilefla]The US declaration of independence says “.. to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,” I believe that consent is the basis of all legitimate government. This amendment and bill provides the opportunity for JA supporters to regain our consent for their particular approach or to prove that they have not lost our confidence.[/quote:1kilefla]

By "ours", do you mean the legislature's, or the general populace's? The point is that your empirical analysis is flawed: it is not the case that there was, at some point in time, a genuine consensus amongst all or virtually all of the population that the judiciary as we now have it was exactly what they wanted, and that, since that time, a large proportion of those people have radically changed their minds and now no longer believe that. As I noted above, there appears to be only a single person who has changed his mind, and that appears to be because he dislikes common law systems in general. What we had then, and what we still have now, is a compromise, reached by proper means in accordance with the rules of a system designed to produce just such compromises. Some people disagreed with it, but, on balance, those charged with making the decision considered it the best way forward.

If you think that, in consequence of events that have happened since that compromise was forged, a large number of people who once supported the judiciary now oppose it, then that is a contention that ought be tested before being acted upon, since there really is no evidence of that at all. The best possible evidence of people's reactions is how they vote in an election: if they vote overwhelmingly for factions that seek to destroy the judiciary, one can fairly say that people have little confidence in it (although see above on why it is in any event too soon for anybody fairly to judge it, despite what those bent on destroying the system at all costs would have one think). If they vote in large numbers for factions that support the judiciary, then it will be clear that you are wrong.

Why do you consider yourself to have a better mandate now to decide whether to destroy or preserve the judiciary than the Representative Assembly, constituted by members of factions who would just have fought an election one of whose issues was that very question, after the election would have?

Given that I have answered your questions as fully as I am able, I trust that you will now answer all of the questions that I have previously posed for you and that you have not yet answered on this thread similarly fully.

[i:1kilefla]Edit[/i:1kilefla]: Incidentally, it occurs to me that what you propose is akin to levelling Colonia Nova and starting the SPC all over again from scratch, with a differently constituted membership, because a vocal minority of citizens, some of whom had arrived after the theme was chosen, and some of whom had opposed it from the start, loudly complained that they didn't like the Roman theme.

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Post by Justice Soothsayer »

I fully support and am glad to cosponsor this bill, for a number of reasons.

The proposed amendment keeps intact some useful parts of the Judiciary Act, such as clarification of citizenship. It retains Marshals of the Peace. It put backs the philosophy in the Philosophical branch.

I find the unsubstantiated allegation of political corruption to be most offensive. I've never seen any poll or analysis mentioned by Ashcroft, nor am I motivated by possible electoral gain. I'd be glad to have my Saturday mornings free again if the electorate doesn't support my faction or if my faction doesn't support me, and my life and my SecondLife would go on quite nicely. The steam of this intemperate allegation is dissipated by the fact that this bill is sponsored by both factions.

What motivates me is that our first sips of the judicial Koolaidâ„¢ have proven to be far too bitter.

The example of the hypothetical Fugitive Slave Act is very illuminating. If we entered into a treaty to recognize Gorean slavery and hold escaped slaves for their masters, the Ashcroftian judiciary would enforce a Fugitive Slave Act as being within the RA's powers. Though I would conclude that doing so would be inconsistent with the pledge that the branches of government will uphold the UDHR, but I can see that an Ashcroftian judge might properly make the different (and quite wrong) decision and still be within our constitutional structure so as not to justify impeachment. I don’t think that result is quite what we had in mind when we passed the Judiciary Act, and it is now clear that further work must be done.

The Ashcroftian view is that while human rights are a good thing like motherhood and apple pie, and by the way quite distinct from legal rights, the judiciary will only uphold those human rights if the amatuerish and polticially corrupt legislature passes detailed, specific legislation to establish those rights in precise ways. I fear that we “corrupt amateurs” in the citizen legislature will never be able to pass anything precise enough to satisfy this standard - nor should we have to.

We need a judicial system that will result in judges who are patient, humble, and wise enough to know that they are not always right. I am afraid that the Judiciary Act has unfortunately been proven not to be consistent with our community values.

I will vote yes on this Amendment and subsequent Bill to restore the pre-Judiciary Act constitutional order.

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Post by Oni Jiutai »

[quote:1sn65fxf]The Ashcroftian view is that while human rights are a good thing like motherhood and apple pie, and by the way quite distinct from legal rights, the judiciary will only uphold those human rights if the amatuerish and polticially corrupt legislature passes detailed, specific legislation to establish those rights in precise ways. I fear that we “corrupt amateurs” in the citizen legislature will never be able to pass anything precise enough to satisfy this standard - nor should we have to.[/quote:1sn65fxf]

Respectfully, Justice, I think you have this backwards. Both Ash and I are of the view, that in the case of ambiguity, Human Rights, in the form of the UDHR are decisive. The Court must resolve the dilemma in such a way as to protect citizen's Human Rights as defined in the constitution.

The more difficult situation is where the legislature has passed specific, unambiguous legislation which the Judge believes is in breach of the UDHR. There, we feel, the Court has no powers to override the RA. That is, if you like a "humble" recognition that ultimately difficult questions on Human Rights are best made by the RA - with their democratic mandate - and the SC - with their particular responsibility for the constitution, rather than un-elected legal specialists.

By the by, since I don't think that the amendments restores the SC old, wide powers of interpretation, I'm not convinced that they could override existing legislation on Human Rights grounds when acting as a court either.

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Post by Ashcroft Burnham »

[quote="Justice Soothsayer":30sv7jf2]I fully support and am glad to cosponsor this bill, for a number of reasons.

The proposed amendment keeps intact some useful parts of the Judiciary Act, such as clarification of citizenship. It retains Marshals of the Peace. It put backs the philosophy in the Philosophical branch.

I find the unsubstantiated allegation of political corruption to be most offensive. I've never seen any poll or analysis mentioned by Ashcroft, nor am I motivated by possible electoral gain. [/quote:30sv7jf2]

The analysis that I mentioned in that post was not one that I had made myself, but one that was explained to me by a fellow CDS citizen (not a member of CARE) who is most trustworthy in such matters. If you disagree with the reasoning behind the analysis, then perhaps the person who suggested them was wrong, but I certainly took the person's word for it at the time. If that analysis is correct, then it most undoubtedly would be a corrupt act.

[quote:30sv7jf2]What motivates me is that our first sips of the judicial Koolaidâ„¢ have proven to be far too bitter.[/quote:30sv7jf2]

As usual, you rely on disparaging metaphor rather than real substance.

[quote:30sv7jf2]The example of the hypothetical Fugitive Slave Act is very illuminating. If we entered into a treaty to recognize Gorean slavery and hold escaped slaves for their masters, the Ashcroftian judiciary would enforce a Fugitive Slave Act as being within the RA's powers. Though I would conclude that doing so would be inconsistent with the pledge that the branches of government will uphold the UDHR, but I can see that an Ashcroftian judge might properly make the different (and quite wrong) decision and still be within our constitutional structure so as not to justify impeachment. I don’t think that result is quite what we had in mind when we passed the Judiciary Act, and it is now clear that further work must be done.

The Ashcroftian view is that while human rights are a good thing like motherhood and apple pie, and by the way quite distinct from legal rights, the judiciary will only uphold those human rights if the amatuerish and polticially corrupt legislature passes detailed, specific legislation to establish those rights in precise ways. I fear that we “corrupt amateurs” in the citizen legislature will never be able to pass anything precise enough to satisfy this standard - nor should we have to.

We need a judicial system that will result in judges who are patient, humble, and wise enough to know that they are not always right. I am afraid that the Judiciary Act has unfortunately been proven not to be consistent with our community values.[/quote:30sv7jf2]

Again, a failure even to attempt to analyse: I notice that you were totally incapable of replying to the specific reasoned arguments that I made on the human rights thread, choosing instead to misrepresent my argument by vagueness and omission of analytic steps in an extremely brief summary here. For that reason, I doubt that you even understand the points that I make. The simple question is: why do you trust the judiciary more than the legislature and Scientific Council combined to decide the policy question of whether any given legislative measure is human rights compliant?

As to arrogance and believing oneself always to be right, firstly, who proclaimed you ultimate arbiter of what the CDS community values are, given that you have no empirical evidence to suggest that more than one or two vocal people who have posted here actually share your views on the human rights issue? Secondly, when have you ever changed your mind on a point of principle - I note that your strategy has always been to fail to respond entirely to carefully reasoned counterarguments to what you suggest, and at one stage in the debate in the early stages you stated, after I had given a lengthy, careful and fully reasoned explanation of why I disagreed with you, merely that I "could not see" the perspective of the other side, without even attempting to address the arguments in substance. Those who unthinkingly believe themselves to be infallible are exactly the sorts of people who simultaneously refuse to engage in reasoned debate on a matter, cannot find any flaws in counterarguments raised against their position, but nonetheless insist that they are in the right, and criticise those who disagree with them for holding the views that they do or trying to argue for them. That is exactly what you have done all along, and so I find your attitude now to be the height of hypocrisy.

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Post by Oni Jiutai »

I don't want to step on the normal methods of announcing RA decisions, but since this is a fiercely debated issue and I figure people may want to know ASAP:

The Soothsayer / Seattle Bill has been passed and the JA is therefore repealed.

ETA: Justice rightly points out that I am being both slightly premature and mildly inaccurate.

Last edited by Oni Jiutai on Sat Jan 06, 2007 8:07 am, edited 1 time in total.
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Post by Justice Soothsayer »

[quote="Oni Jiutai":6gw9ddft]I don't want to step on the normal methods of announcing RA decisions, but since this is a fiercely debated issue and I figure people may want to know ASAP:

The Soothsayer / Seattle Bill has been passed and the JA is therefore repealed.[/quote:6gw9ddft]
Ah, not so fast, first the SC may consider whether to veto.

And the bill preserved some important parts of the Judiciary Act, so the Judiciary Act is not fully repealed, though much of it will be rolled back if the amendment becomes final pending SC action.

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Post by Ashcroft Burnham »

[quote="Justice Soothsayer":a5c46fa7]... the Judiciary Act is not fully repealed, though much of it will be rolled back if the amendment becomes final pending SC action.[/quote:a5c46fa7]

How does "rolled back" differ from "repealed"?

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Post by Justice Soothsayer »

[quote="Ashcroft Burnham":1xy7u60o][quote="Justice Soothsayer":1xy7u60o]... the Judiciary Act is not fully repealed, though much of it will be rolled back if the amendment becomes final pending SC action.[/quote:1xy7u60o]

How does "rolled back" differ from "repealed"?[/quote:1xy7u60o]
Read the bill - it repeals only [b:1xy7u60o]parts[/b:1xy7u60o] of the Judiciary Act (admittedly, some of the more significant parts), and puts back in place only parts of the pre-JA Constitution that were repealed by the JA. So it is not completely accurate to say that the Judiciary Act has been repealed.

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Post by Ashcroft Burnham »

[quote="Justice Soothsayer":4ydymch8]Read the bill - it repeals only [b:4ydymch8]parts[/b:4ydymch8] of the Judiciary Act (admittedly, some of the more significant parts), and puts back in place only parts of the pre-JA Constitution that were repealed by the JA. So it is not completely accurate to say that the Judiciary Act has been repealed.[/quote:4ydymch8]

No, but those parts, the vast majority of it, and the most important parts, that are no longer there have indeed been "repealed".

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